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Related Concept Videos

Aldehydes and Ketones to Alkenes: Wittig Reaction Mechanism01:14

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The Wittig reaction, which converts aldehydes or ketones to alkenes using phosphorus ylides, proceeds through a nucleophilic addition‒elimination process.
The reaction begins with the nucleophilic addition between a phosphorus ylide and the carbonyl compound. Due to its carbanionic character,  phosphorus ylide acts as a strong nucleophile and attacks the electrophilic carbonyl group. This generates a charge-separated dipolar intermediate called betaine. The negatively charged oxygen atom and...
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The Phosphorus Cycle01:21

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Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.
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After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
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Photoluminescence offers a wide range of applications due to its inherent sensitivity and selectivity. This technique allows for both direct and indirect analyses of the analyte. Direct quantitative analysis is possible when the analyte exhibits a favorable quantum yield for fluorescence or phosphorescence. However, an indirect analysis may be feasible if the analyte is not fluorescent or phosphorescent, or if the quantum yield is unfavorable. Indirect methods include reacting the analyte with...
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Ortho-phosphite <math><mo>(</mo> <msubsup><mrow><mi>PO</mi></mrow> <mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow> <mrow><mn>3</mn> <mo>-</mo></mrow></msubsup> <mo>)</mo></math> : Mechanochemical Synthesis of a Missing Oxoanion and Precursor to Value-Added Organophosphorus Compounds.

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Preparation and Use of Carbonyl-decorated Carbenes in the Activation of White Phosphorus
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Let's Make White Phosphorus Obsolete.

Michael B Geeson1, Christopher C Cummins1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.

ACS Central Science
|July 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing green chemistry methods for organophosphorus synthesis is crucial. Current industrial practices are energy-intensive, wasteful, and environmentally damaging, highlighting the need for sustainable alternatives.

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Area of Science:

  • Green Chemistry
  • Organophosphorus Chemistry
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Current industrial and laboratory methods for incorporating phosphorus into molecules are not sustainable.
  • These methods require significant energy, use toxic intermediates, and produce considerable waste.
  • Recycling of phosphorus-containing waste is minimal, leading to environmental issues like eutrophication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current methods for phosphorus incorporation within the framework of Green Chemistry.
  • To highlight opportunities for developing more sustainable organophosphorus chemistry.
  • To explore nature-inspired and silicon chemistry models for future phosphorus synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing organophosphorus synthesis methods.
  • Analysis of current industrial and laboratory practices concerning phosphorus incorporation.
  • Exploration of Green Chemistry principles applied to phosphorus chemistry.
  • Investigation of biomimetic and silicon chemistry as model systems.

Main Results:

  • Existing organophosphorus synthesis methods are largely incompatible with Green Chemistry principles.
  • Significant environmental drawbacks are associated with current phosphorus-utilizing chemical processes.
  • Opportunities exist to develop greener synthetic routes inspired by natural processes and other elements.

Conclusions:

  • There is a critical need for the development of Green Chemistry approaches in organophosphorus chemistry.
  • Sustainable phosphorus chemistry requires innovation in synthesis, waste reduction, and recycling.
  • Biomimetic and silicon chemistry offer promising models for future advancements in phosphorus utilization.