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Updated: Dec 16, 2025
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Toxicity Screens in Human Retinal Organoids for Pharmaceutical Discovery
Published on: March 4, 2021
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Rethinking the Hydroxychloroquine Dosing and Retinopathy Screening Guidelines.
David J Browning1, Naoto Yokogawa2, Paul B Greenberg3
1Charlotte, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Associates, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA.
American Journal of Ophthalmology
|July 2, 2020
Summary
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) dosing and retinopathy screening guidelines need revision due to improved testing and earlier detection. Future guidelines should involve prescribing physicians and consider dose reduction for early retinopathy.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Rheumatology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is widely used for autoimmune diseases.
- Current screening guidelines for HCQ retinopathy (HCQR) have limitations.
- Physician adherence to existing guidelines is suboptimal.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore reasons for revising HCQ dosing and screening guidelines.
- To identify barriers to developing more effective future guidelines.
Main Methods:
- A literature review was conducted using PubMed.
- Focused on studies concerning HCQ dosing and HCQ retinopathy screening.
- Selective review of English language literature.
Main Results:
- Guideline revisions have excluded prescribing physicians, impacting adherence.
- Improved ancillary tests detect asymptomatic HCQR earlier, altering safe dosing thresholds.
- Current guidelines may necessitate reconsideration for early HCQR cases, balancing risk and benefit.
Conclusions:
- Updated HCQ dosing and screening guidelines are necessary.
- Future guidelines should be developed collaboratively by ophthalmologists and prescribing physicians.
- A prospective study is recommended to establish a stronger evidence base.
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