Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

11.3K
Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
11.3K
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

1.5K
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
1.5K
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

2.3K
The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
2.3K
COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features01:20

COPD: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features

1.7K
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
The primary cause for the onset of COPD is cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollution. These hazardous factors initiate a chain reaction within the lungs, resulting in chronic inflammation, damage to the airways, and a...
1.7K
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

6.3K
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
6.3K
Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

253
Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
253

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Active Templating by Mechanochemistry.

Organic letters·2026
Same author

Sequence-Dependent Folding of Recognition-Encoded Melamine Oligomers.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Getting on your last nerve: IFNs and resistance to infection.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2026
Same author

A parasite partner for regulatory affairs.

Science immunology·2026
Same author

Spatial atlas of diabetic kidney disease reveals a B cell-rich subgroup.

Nature·2026
Same author

The role of integrins in T cell-mediated resistance to <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i>.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 16, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Polyfunctionality and Heterogeneity in Immune Responses
09:43

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Polyfunctionality and Heterogeneity in Immune Responses

Published on: March 8, 2024

2.3K

Cytokine Storms: Understanding COVID-19.

Nilam Mangalmurti1, Christopher A Hunter2

  • 1Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Stemmler Hall, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Immunity
|July 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Cytokine storms, characterized by high cytokine levels, are linked to infections and immune diseases. This review explains how normal cytokine functions can become harmful, causing severe tissue damage and poor health outcomes.

More Related Videos

Using Reference Reagents to Confirm Robustness of Cytokine Release Assays for the Prediction of Monoclonal Antibody Safety
06:37

Using Reference Reagents to Confirm Robustness of Cytokine Release Assays for the Prediction of Monoclonal Antibody Safety

Published on: September 15, 2023

950
Author Spotlight: Advancing Immune Monitoring in Critical Care Patients Using Whole Blood Assays
06:03

Author Spotlight: Advancing Immune Monitoring in Critical Care Patients Using Whole Blood Assays

Published on: September 20, 2024

1.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 16, 2025

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Polyfunctionality and Heterogeneity in Immune Responses
09:43

Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Polyfunctionality and Heterogeneity in Immune Responses

Published on: March 8, 2024

2.3K
Using Reference Reagents to Confirm Robustness of Cytokine Release Assays for the Prediction of Monoclonal Antibody Safety
06:37

Using Reference Reagents to Confirm Robustness of Cytokine Release Assays for the Prediction of Monoclonal Antibody Safety

Published on: September 15, 2023

950
Author Spotlight: Advancing Immune Monitoring in Critical Care Patients Using Whole Blood Assays
06:03

Author Spotlight: Advancing Immune Monitoring in Critical Care Patients Using Whole Blood Assays

Published on: September 20, 2024

1.6K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pathology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Cytokines are crucial signaling molecules in immune responses.
  • Elevated cytokine levels, termed cytokine storm, are observed in various diseases.
  • Understanding cytokine storm mechanisms is vital for disease management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the dual role of cytokines in physiological and pathological conditions.
  • To explore the origins and contributing factors of pathological cytokine responses.
  • To describe the consequences of cytokine storm on vascular health and clinical outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cytokine function and dysregulation.
  • Analysis of multi-factorial origins leading to pathological cytokine responses.
  • Examination of the link between cytokine storm, vascular damage, and clinical outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Cytokines have essential protective roles in normal immune responses.
  • Dysregulated cytokine production can escalate into a pathological cytokine storm.
  • Cytokine storm is associated with significant vascular damage and adverse clinical outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Cytokine storm represents a dangerous amplification of normal immune signaling.
  • Identifying triggers and mechanisms of cytokine storm is critical for therapeutic development.
  • Mitigating cytokine storm could improve patient outcomes in infectious and immune-mediated diseases.