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Related Concept Videos

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Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 16, 2025

Measurement of Heme Synthesis Levels in Mammalian Cells
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Measurement of Heme Synthesis Levels in Mammalian Cells

Published on: July 9, 2015

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Discovering How Heme Controls Genome Function Through Heme-omics.

Ruiqi Liao1, Ye Zheng2, Xin Liu3

  • 1Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, UW-Madison Blood Research Program, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.

Cell Reports
|July 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The study reveals how heme, a vital molecule, broadly influences genome function by altering chromatin accessibility and gene expression. It uncovers both heme-controlled and independent pathways involving Bach1, impacting cellular physiology.

Keywords:
ATAC-seqBach1GATA1chromatinerythroblasterythroidhemetranscriptome

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Cellular Physiology

Background:

  • Protein ensembles regulate cell-type-specific genome function.
  • Small molecules link physiological processes with genome biology.
  • Heme regulates gene expression post-transcriptionally by degrading Bach1.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the broad impact of heme on genome function.
  • To elucidate heme's regulatory mechanisms beyond Bach1 degradation.
  • To map heme-dependent chromatin landscapes and gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (ATAC-seq) to create a chromatin atlas.
  • Transcriptome analysis in erythroblasts with varying heme levels.
  • Comparison of wild-type and mutant erythroblasts lacking heme synthesis enhancers.

Main Results:

  • Established a heme-dependent chromatin atlas in erythroblasts.
  • Identified parallel Bach1-dependent and Bach1-independent mechanisms of heme action.
  • Discovered heme-sensing chromosomal hotspots with a specific DNA motif.
  • Found that heme regulates genes not previously known to be heme-regulated, including metabolic enzymes.

Conclusions:

  • Heme broadly controls genome function through both Bach1-dependent and independent pathways.
  • Heme-sensing chromosomal hotspots are key regulatory sites.
  • This study provides a comprehensive understanding of heme-omics in controlling genome function and cellular physiology.