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Lucas S Baltzell1, Adrian Y Cho1, Jayaganesh Swaminathan1

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This study reveals how the brain processes sound location cues in speech. Interaural time differences (ITDs) in early speech sounds are more critical for determining sound source location.

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Area of Science:

  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Psychoacoustics
  • Speech Perception

Background:

  • Perceptual weighting of interaural time differences (ITDs) varies across time and frequency, creating "dominance" regions.
  • The application of these ITD dominance regions to complex stimuli like speech remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate spectro-temporal weighting functions for ITDs in natural speech.
  • To determine how ITD information in different time-frequency regions of speech contributes to sound localization.

Main Methods:

  • Speech tokens (
  • two
  • and
  • eight
  • ) were divided into time-frequency bins.
  • Listeners judged the perceived location (left/right) of speech tokens with manipulated ITDs in each bin.
  • ITD thresholds were measured for individual time-frequency bins.

Main Results:

  • Spectral dominance regions are relevant for speech perception.
  • ITDs from the initial phoneme of a syllable significantly influence lateralization judgments more than those from the second phoneme.
  • Lateralization judgments are partly explained by ITD sensitivity across various time-frequency bins.

Conclusions:

  • Speech sound localization relies on spectro-temporal weighting of ITDs, similar to simpler sounds.
  • The temporal order of phonemes within speech impacts the contribution of ITDs to sound localization.
  • Understanding these weighting functions is crucial for explaining speech perception in complex auditory environments.