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Related Concept Videos

The Pituitary Gland01:17

The Pituitary Gland

9.4K
The pituitary is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct anatomical and functional regions— the anterior and posterior lobes. During human fetal development, a third pituitary gland region called the pars intermedia atrophies and disappears. However, some of its cells migrate and exist adjacent to the anterior pituitary in adults.
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Psychosurgery01:30

Psychosurgery

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Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
Historical Development of Psychosurgery
In the 1930s, Portuguese neurologist Antonio Egas Moniz introduced a surgical procedure designed...
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Hormones of the Pituitary Gland01:27

Hormones of the Pituitary Gland

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The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to reproduction. The gland is divided into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.
The most abundantly secreted hormone from the anterior lobe is the growth hormone, which controls overall growth by...
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Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
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Evolution of Pituitary Surgery.

Chandrashekhar E Deopujari1, Salman T Shaikh1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Neurology India
|July 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pituitary tumors are common brain tumors. Surgery is often the primary treatment, aiming for visual improvement, hormonal cure, and avoiding neurological deficits, with long-term success potentially needing a multidisciplinary approach.

Keywords:
Endoscopic skullbase surgerypituitary tumorstranscranial approachtranssphenoidal surgery

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Pituitary tumors represent a significant portion of brain tumors, with varying clinical presentations based on function and size.
  • Functioning tumors cause early symptoms, while non-functioning ones may grow large, leading to mass effects like optic nerve compression.
  • Many pituitary tumors remain asymptomatic throughout a patient's life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of pituitary tumor management, emphasizing the role of surgery.
  • To highlight the immediate and long-term goals of surgical intervention for pituitary adenomas.
  • To underscore the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for sustained patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of advancements in diagnostic and surgical techniques for pituitary tumors.
  • Analysis of neurosurgical skull base anatomy and its impact on surgical approaches.
  • Evaluation of surgical outcomes in relation to hormonal function, visual function, and neurological status.

Main Results:

  • Surgery remains a primary treatment modality for many pituitary tumors, despite advances in medical and radiation therapies.
  • Immediate surgical goals include visual improvement, hormonal cure, and prevention of hypopituitarism and neurological deficits.
  • Long-term remission and cure often necessitate a comprehensive, multidisciplinary management strategy.

Conclusions:

  • Surgical intervention is crucial for managing symptomatic pituitary tumors, addressing immediate functional deficits.
  • Achieving lasting remission for pituitary adenomas requires ongoing, coordinated care involving various medical specialties.
  • Continued evolution in surgical techniques and anatomical understanding improves outcomes for pituitary tumor patients.