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Related Concept Videos

Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

4.0K
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
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Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

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Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
3.9K
Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

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In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
4.5K
Types of Coprecipitation01:10

Types of Coprecipitation

4.3K
Coprecipitation is the contamination of a precipitate by otherwise soluble species and occurs via different processes. In colloidal precipitates, coprecipitation occurs via surface adsorption. For instance, barium sulfate has a primary layer of adsorbed barium ions and a secondary layer of nitrate counterions. This results in contamination of the precipitate by barium nitrate.
Sometimes, ions in a crystal lattice can undergo isomorphous replacement by inclusions of similar charge and size. For...
4.3K
Precipitation Gravimetry01:03

Precipitation Gravimetry

12.1K
Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...
12.1K
Precipitation Reactions03:10

Precipitation Reactions

63.4K
In a precipitation reaction, aqueous solutions of soluble salts react to give an insoluble ionic compound – the precipitate. The reaction occurs when oppositely charged ions in solution overcome their attraction for water and bind to each other, forming a precipitate that separates out from the solution. Since such reactions involve the exchange of ions between ionic compounds in aqueous solution, they are also referred to as double displacement, double replacement, exchange reactions, or...
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Computation of Atmospheric Concentrations of Molecular Clusters from ab initio Thermochemistry
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Modeling of Mixing-Precipitation Processes: Agglomeration.

Pawel M Orlewski1, Marco Mazzotti1

  • 1ETH Zurich Institute of Process Engineering Sonneggstrasse 3 8092 Zurich Switzerland.

Chemical Engineering & Technology
|July 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Researchers stabilized barium sulfate particles to independently study primary and secondary precipitation processes. A validated model accurately describes barium sulfate agglomeration at high supersaturations.

Keywords:
AgglomerationMixing‐precipitation processPopulation balance equationReactive precipitation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Barium sulfate precipitation is crucial in various industrial applications.
  • Understanding particle formation and growth dynamics is essential for process control.
  • Previous models often struggled to accurately describe behavior across wide supersaturation ranges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive description of barium sulfate precipitation across diverse supersaturations.
  • To decouple primary and secondary particle formation processes using a stabilizing additive.
  • To experimentally validate a model for barium sulfate agglomeration at high supersaturations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a stabilizing additive to isolate primary particle formation and secondary processes like agglomeration and aggregation.
  • Conducted experiments across a wide range of supersaturations.
  • Validated an agglomeration model against experimental data.

Main Results:

  • Successfully decoupled primary particle formation from secondary processes (agglomeration and aggregation).
  • Experimentally validated a model for barium sulfate agglomeration at high supersaturations with high accuracy.
  • Identified ranges where simplified agglomeration kernels can be applied.

Conclusions:

  • The developed model accurately describes barium sulfate agglomeration across investigated supersaturations.
  • Independent study of processes enabled robust model validation.
  • Findings facilitate the development of more efficient precipitation models.