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Related Concept Videos

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

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Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
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Visual Agnosia01:12

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Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round...
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Vision01:24

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
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Visual System01:26

Visual System

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Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 16, 2025

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
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Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

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The Impact of Vision Loss on Allocentric Spatial Coding.

Chiara Martolini1,2, Giulia Cappagli3, Antonella Luparia3

  • 1Unit for Visually Impaired People, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|July 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Visually impaired children show a developmental delay in switching from egocentric to allocentric spatial coding. This highlights vision's crucial role in developing external spatial reference frames during childhood.

Keywords:
allocentric reference frameegocentric reference framespatial frame of referencespatial perceptionvisual impairment

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Spatial Cognition

Background:

  • Visual experience is critical for developing allocentric spatial coding in typically developing children.
  • Blind children often remain reliant on egocentric perspectives, with limited understanding of their transition to allocentric coding.
  • The precise developmental timeline and mechanisms for visually impaired children shifting frames of reference are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if visual experience is essential for the shift from egocentric (self-centered) to allocentric (external, world-centered) spatial frames of reference.
  • To determine when and how visually impaired children acquire the ability to switch between these spatial perspectives.
  • To test the hypothesis that visual impairment leads to difficulties in updating spatial coordinates.

Main Methods:

  • A visual switching-perspective task was administered to visually impaired children and normally sighted controls, aged 4–9 years.
  • Participants were required to adopt either an egocentric or an allocentric perspective based on task conditions.
  • Performance differences between groups were analyzed to assess the impact of visual experience on spatial perspective-taking.

Main Results:

  • Visually impaired children demonstrated significant impairments in switching from egocentric to allocentric perspectives compared to controls.
  • Results support the hypothesis that visual experience is necessary for typical allocentric spatial coding development.
  • A developmental delay in updating spatial coordinates was confirmed in the visually impaired group.

Conclusions:

  • Visual experience plays a pivotal role in shaping allocentric spatial coding throughout childhood development.
  • The ability to shift from egocentric to allocentric frames of reference is significantly influenced by visual input.
  • Findings suggest that interventions may be needed to support spatial development in visually impaired children.