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Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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One Is Not Enough: Understanding and Modeling Polysubstance Use.

Elizabeth A Crummy1,2,3,4, Timothy J O'Neal1,2,3,4, Britahny M Baskin1,2,3,4

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Substance use disorders (SUDs) often involve multiple substances, increasing addiction risk. Understanding polysubstance use is vital for developing effective treatments for this complex brain disease.

Keywords:
addictionneurobiology of addictionneuronal signaling and behaviorpolydrugpreclinical modelsreviewreward circuitrysubstance use

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Addiction Research
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic, relapsing brain disease with complex pathology.
  • SUDs are highly prevalent, affecting 35 million people.
  • Most research isolates single substance use, overlooking comorbid substance use disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of behavioral and neural circuitry in polysubstance use.
  • To highlight the importance of examining co-use for improved treatment efficacy.
  • To outline considerations for developing preclinical models of polysubstance use.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of preclinical models for polysubstance use.
  • Analysis of behavioral and neural mechanisms in co-use of alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, and other substances.
  • Identification of challenges in developing effective polysubstance models.

Main Results:

  • Polysubstance use is common, with significant increased risk for dependence on additional substances.
  • Concurrent alcohol and illicit drug use disorders affect 11.3% of individuals with SUD.
  • Prevalence and risk associated with polysubstance use necessitate focused research and model development.

Conclusions:

  • Examining SUDs through the lens of co-use is essential for translatability and improved treatment.
  • Developing effective preclinical models is crucial for gaining insights into polysubstance use.
  • Addressing polysubstance use is critical due to escalating economic and social costs and rising drug use rates.