Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES): Pathophysiology and Neuro-Imaging.

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Radiology
• Pathophysiology

Background:

• Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a distinct clinical and radiological entity.
• PRES presents with diverse symptoms, including headache, visual disturbances, seizures, and altered mentation.
• Characteristic imaging reveals vasogenic edema, predominantly in the posterior circulation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the clinical and radiological features of PRES.
• To explore the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms of PRES.
• To discuss treatment strategies for PRES based on associated conditions.

Main Methods:

• Review of clinical presentations and neuroradiological findings in PRES.
• Analysis of current theories on PRES pathophysiology, including blood-brain barrier disruption and endothelial injury.
• Discussion of treatment approaches linked to the etiology of PRES.

Main Results:

• PRES exhibits non-specific clinical symptoms but characteristic imaging findings.
• The exact pathophysiology of PRES remains under investigation, with prominent theories involving elevated intracranial pressure and endothelial injury.
• Treatment is often directed at the underlying condition causing PRES.

Conclusions:

• PRES is a complex neurological condition requiring a comprehensive understanding of its clinical, radiological, and pathophysiological aspects.
• Further research into PRES pathophysiology may lead to more targeted treatments.
• Effective management of PRES involves addressing the root cause and managing symptoms.