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Human Norovirus Proteins: Implications in the Replicative Cycle, Pathogenesis, and the Host Immune Response
Claudia P Campillay-Véliz1, Jonatan J Carvajal1, Andrea M Avellaneda1
1Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile.
Frontiers in Immunology
|July 3, 2020
Summary
Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) cause widespread gastroenteritis, particularly in children and the elderly. This review details viral protein functions and immune responses, aiding in diagnostics and vaccine development.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are a leading cause of epidemic non-bacterial gastroenteritis globally.
- While structural proteins like VP1 are well-studied, the functions of non-structural HuNoV proteins remain less understood.
- Young children and older adults face the highest risk of severe illness and hospitalization from HuNoV infections.
Purpose of the Study:
- To comprehensively review the functions of both structural and non-structural human norovirus proteins.
- To elucidate the roles of these proteins in viral replication and pathogenesis.
- To highlight recent advancements in understanding host immune responses for improved diagnostics and vaccine strategies.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on HuNoV protein expression and function.
- Analysis of research on viral replication mechanisms and disease development.
- Synthesis of findings on host innate and adaptive immunity against HuNoV.
Main Results:
- Detailed examination of known functions for HuNoV structural proteins.
- Exploration of emerging insights into the roles of non-structural HuNoV proteins, often derived from in vitro studies.
- Summary of current knowledge on immune responses crucial for HuNoV control.
Conclusions:
- Understanding HuNoV protein functions is critical for deciphering viral replication and pathogenesis.
- Knowledge of host immune responses provides a foundation for developing effective diagnostics and vaccines.
- Further research into non-structural proteins is essential for a complete understanding of HuNoV.
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