Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

319
Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
319
Drug Dependence01:17

Drug Dependence

1.5K
Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
1.5K
Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics01:23

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics

772
Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
Antitussives include codeine, dextromethorphan (Robitussin), and benzonatate (Tessalon). Codeine and dextromethorphan exert their effects centrally by suppressing the cough reflex center in the medulla.  Benzonatate operates peripherally within the respiratory tract by...
772
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

2.9K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
2.9K
CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine01:27

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine

869
Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
869
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

991
Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
991

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

AI-surrogate structure and dose correlation for left anterior descending artery in lung stereotactic body radiotherapy.

Journal of applied clinical medical physics·2026
Same author

Predictors of survival after penetrating cardiac trauma: injury patterns and presentation factors.

Trauma surgery & acute care open·2026
Same author

Interpreting Firearm Mortality and Trauma Care Access in Chicago.

JAMA surgery·2026
Same author

Socioeconomic status and the relationship of physical performance with activities of daily living among US older adults.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Survival after severe blunt cardiac injury: Right atrial rupture.

Trauma case reports·2026
Same author

Validation of a safe volumetric cut-off for observation of traumatic hemothorax: A Western Trauma Association multicenter study.

The journal of trauma and acute care surgery·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 16, 2025

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
19:15

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

87.2K

Maternal Substance Use: Consequences, Identification, and Interventions.

Grace Chang1,2

  • 1U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.

Alcohol Research : Current Reviews
|July 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Prenatal exposure to alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and opioids is common, with significant consequences. Effective interventions and research into criminalization are crucial for improving outcomes in substance-exposed pregnancies.

Keywords:
prenatal alcohol substance usescreening and intervention

More Related Videos

Preclinical Model of Prenatal Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure to Assess Its Impact on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes
05:13

Preclinical Model of Prenatal Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure to Assess Its Impact on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes

Published on: February 28, 2025

521
Construction of Vapor Chambers Used to Expose Mice to Alcohol During the Equivalent of all Three Trimesters of Human Development
15:27

Construction of Vapor Chambers Used to Expose Mice to Alcohol During the Equivalent of all Three Trimesters of Human Development

Published on: July 13, 2014

15.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 16, 2025

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
19:15

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

87.2K
Preclinical Model of Prenatal Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure to Assess Its Impact on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes
05:13

Preclinical Model of Prenatal Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure to Assess Its Impact on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes

Published on: February 28, 2025

521
Construction of Vapor Chambers Used to Expose Mice to Alcohol During the Equivalent of all Three Trimesters of Human Development
15:27

Construction of Vapor Chambers Used to Expose Mice to Alcohol During the Equivalent of all Three Trimesters of Human Development

Published on: July 13, 2014

15.0K

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Public Health
  • Addiction Medicine

Background:

  • Substance use during pregnancy, including alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and opioids, presents significant health challenges.
  • Opioid-exposed pregnancies have notably increased, highlighting an urgent public health concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the prevalence and adverse consequences of prenatal exposure to alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and opioids.
  • To summarize and contrast existing screening tools for prenatal substance use.
  • To briefly discuss interventions and future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing literature on prenatal substance exposure.
  • It summarizes and contrasts current screening questionnaires for alcohol and broader substance use.
  • It briefly reviews intervention strategies and discusses research gaps.

Main Results:

  • Alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis are frequently used substances during pregnancy.
  • There has been a fourfold increase in opioid-exposed pregnancies.
  • Current screening methods for prenatal substance use are available but varied.
  • Intervention efforts are underway but require further development.

Conclusions:

  • Prenatal exposure to common substances poses serious risks to maternal and fetal health.
  • Improved screening and intervention strategies are needed.
  • Further research is essential, particularly concerning the impact of criminalization on disclosure and care.