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De novo myogenesis, or the formation of muscle fibers, begins during the early embryonic stages. The skeletal muscle is formed from somites– blocks of embryonic cell layers. The somites are further divided into dermatomes, myotomes, sclerotomes, and syndetomes. Among these, the myotomes give rise to muscle fibers.
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Mitochondrial Function in Muscle Stem Cell Fates.

Debasmita Bhattacharya1, Anthony Scimè1

  • 1Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|July 3, 2020
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Summary

Mitochondria significantly influence skeletal muscle stem cell (SC) fate and function. Their content, dynamics, and metabolic adaptability are key to SC regeneration and differentiation.

Keywords:
epigeneticsmetabolismmitochondriamyogenic stem cellssatellite cell fates

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Mitochondrial Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Mitochondria are central to cellular metabolism and energy production via oxidative phosphorylation.
  • Beyond energy, mitochondria regulate reactive oxygen species (ROS), fatty acid metabolism, and epigenetic remodeling.
  • Mitochondria play a critical role in maintaining and dictating the fate of stem cells, particularly in skeletal muscle regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted contribution of mitochondria to skeletal muscle stem cell (SC) outcomes.
  • To elucidate how mitochondrial content, function, dynamics, and adaptability influence SC fate decisions.
  • To highlight the link between mitochondrial function and metabolic programming throughout the SC lifecycle.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on mitochondrial roles in stem cell biology.
  • Analysis of studies investigating mitochondrial adaptation in response to environmental cues.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on mitochondrial influence on SC quiescence, activation, self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondrial function is intrinsically linked to the maintenance and determination of SC fates.
  • Metabolic programming, driven by mitochondria, is crucial during all phases of SC activity.
  • Mitochondrial adaptation is a key mechanism by which SCs respond to environmental signals to alter their fate and function.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondria are pivotal regulators of skeletal muscle stem cell fate and function.
  • Mitochondrial content, dynamics, and adaptability are critical determinants of SC operational outcomes.
  • Understanding mitochondrial roles offers insights into skeletal muscle regeneration and therapeutic strategies.