Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination
Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography
Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography
Ultrasound II: Endoscopic Ultrasound and FibroScan
You might also read
Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.
Updated: Dec 16, 2025

Probe-based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy of the Urinary Tract: The Technique
Published on: January 10, 2013
Jody Khan1, Mohamad Shariq Kamal2, Frank T D'Arcy2
1Department of Urology, University Hospital Galway, Newcastle Road, Galway, Ireland. jodysakhan@gmail.com.
Flexible cystoscopy biopsies can detect malignancy in about 18% of cases. Despite small sample sizes, these biopsies are valuable for diagnosing bladder cancer, with a low non-diagnostic rate of 11%.
Area of Science:
Background:
Purpose of the Study:
Main Methods:
Main Results:
Conclusions: