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Functional Brain Systems: Reticular Formation

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The reticular formation is a complex network of gray and white matter located within the brainstem extending from the medulla to the midbrain.
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Updated: Dec 16, 2025

A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy

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Published on: November 13, 2016

Intact Brain Network Function in an Unresponsive Patient with COVID-19.

David Fischer¹, Zachary D Threlkeld², Yelena G Bodien^1,3

¹Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Annals of Neurology

|July 3, 2020

Summary

Survivors of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may recover despite unresponsiveness and brain abnormalities. Functional brain networks can remain intact, offering hope for neurological recovery in critical illness survivors.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Critical Care Medicine
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors often experience prolonged unresponsiveness.
Structural brain abnormalities are noted in these patients, but their functional impact and prognostic significance are unclear.
Functional neuroimaging has not been widely explored in this population for prognosis.

Observation:

A case study of a severe COVID-19 patient with prolonged unresponsiveness and structural brain abnormalities.
Despite deficits, the patient demonstrated preserved functional network connectivity on neuroimaging.
The patient eventually recovered the ability to follow commands weeks later.

Findings:

Functional brain networks can remain intact even with structural brain injury and unresponsiveness post-COVID-19.
Preserved functional connectivity may indicate potential for neurological recovery.

Implications:

Clinicians should consider functional neuroimaging for prognosticating outcomes in severe COVID-19 survivors.
Prognosis for COVID-19 survivors should account for potentially intact brain networks despite apparent severe neurological deficits.
This highlights the resilience of brain function and potential for recovery in critical illness.