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Related Concept Videos

Viscosity01:17

Viscosity

7.0K
When water is poured into a glass, it falls freely and quickly, whereas if honey or maple syrup is poured over a pancake, it flows slowly and sticks to the surface of the container. This difference in the flow of different kinds of liquids arises due to the fluid friction between the liquid layers and the liquid and the surrounding material. This property of fluids is called fluid viscosity. In this example, water has a lower viscosity than honey and maple syrup.
The SI unit of viscosity is...
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Viscosity of Fluid01:19

Viscosity of Fluid

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Viscosity measures the resistance a fluid offers to flow and deformation. It results from internal friction between layers of fluid moving relative to one another. Dynamic viscosity, denoted by the Greek letter mu (μ), quantifies the force needed to move one fluid layer over another. For Newtonian fluids like water and air, the relationship between the shearing stress and the rate of shearing strain is linear, meaning their viscosity remains constant regardless of the applied stress.
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Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity02:57

Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity

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Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
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Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

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Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the...
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Surface Tension of Fluid01:22

Surface Tension of Fluid

1.1K
Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
Surface tension varies...
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Capillarity in Fluid01:19

Capillarity in Fluid

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Capillarity describes the movement of liquid in small spaces without external forces acting on it. The capillarity is driven by surface tension and adhesive interactions between the liquid and surrounding solid surfaces. This effect is often seen in narrow tubes, porous materials, and fine particles.
Surface tension is crucial to capillarity. It results from cohesive forces between liquid molecules at the liquid-air boundary, forming a skin that resists external forces. When the capillary tube...
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Microtensiometer for Confocal Microscopy Visualization of Dynamic Interfaces
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On interfacial viscosity in nanochannels.

Masoumeh Nazari1, Ali Davoodabadi, Dezhao Huang

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, 4726 Calhoun Rd, Houston, Texas 77204, USA. hghasemi@uh.edu.

Nanoscale
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Interfacial viscosity significantly slows liquid transport in nanochannels, contrary to the Lucas-Washburn model. A new model incorporating this interfacial layer accurately predicts capillary flow kinetics.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Capillary-driven liquid transport is crucial in biological and technological systems.
  • The Lucas-Washburn model often overestimates flow rates in nanochannels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the cause of slower capillary flow in nanochannels.
  • Develop a predictive model for capillary kinetics considering interfacial effects.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental analysis
  • Analytical modeling
  • Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations

Main Results:

  • Identified a high-viscosity interfacial liquid layer slowing down capillary motion.
  • Developed a theoretical model accurately predicting capillary kinetics.
  • Quantified interfacial layer viscosities for isopropanol and ethanol (9.048 mPa s and 4.405 mPa s, respectively).
  • Determined interfacial layer thicknesses (6.4 nm for isopropanol, 5.3 nm for ethanol).

Conclusions:

  • Interfacial viscosity is a key factor in capillary flow dynamics in nanochannels.
  • The developed model offers improved predictions for liquid transport at the nanoscale.