Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

1.3K
Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
1.3K
Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

1.4K
In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
1.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Converging Effects of Different Categories of Antidepressants on the Brain: A Systematic Meta-Analysis of Public Transcriptional Profiling Data From the Hippocampus and Cortex.

Journal of neurochemistry·2026
Same author

Microglial MARCO facilitates Varicella zoster virus uptake and triggers TLR2-mediated neuroinflammation.

Journal of biomedical science·2026
Same author

The Converging Effects of Different Categories of Antidepressants on the Brain: A Systematic Meta-Analysis of Public Transcriptional Profiling Data from the Hippocampus and Cortex.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Brain-Immune Crosstalk in Mental Illness: The Path to Immunopsychiatry.

Biological psychiatry·2026
Same author

CK2 inhibition suppresses glial inflammation in models of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Lung adventitial fibroblasts support type 2 Tregs to shape the response to influenza infection.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 16, 2025

Assessing Microglial Phagocytosis of Myelin Debris in vitro Under Repeated Magnetic Stimulation
08:34

Assessing Microglial Phagocytosis of Myelin Debris in vitro Under Repeated Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: June 17, 2025

788

Microglial Remodeling of the Extracellular Matrix Promotes Synapse Plasticity.

Phi T Nguyen1, Leah C Dorman2, Simon Pan2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Cell
|July 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Neurons release interleukin-33 (IL-33) to guide microglia in remodeling synapses for memory. This IL-33 pathway is crucial for learning and memory, declining with age but restorable with IL-33.

Keywords:
microglia, hippocampus, extracellular matrix, aging, memory, dendrite remodeling, interleukin-33

More Related Videos

Immunofluorescence Staining Using IBA1 and TMEM119 for Microglial Density, Morphology and Peripheral Myeloid Cell Infiltration Analysis in Mouse Brain
10:40

Immunofluorescence Staining Using IBA1 and TMEM119 for Microglial Density, Morphology and Peripheral Myeloid Cell Infiltration Analysis in Mouse Brain

Published on: October 27, 2019

34.3K
An Engulfment Assay: A Protocol to Assess Interactions Between CNS Phagocytes and Neurons
07:38

An Engulfment Assay: A Protocol to Assess Interactions Between CNS Phagocytes and Neurons

Published on: June 8, 2014

18.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 16, 2025

Assessing Microglial Phagocytosis of Myelin Debris in vitro Under Repeated Magnetic Stimulation
08:34

Assessing Microglial Phagocytosis of Myelin Debris in vitro Under Repeated Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: June 17, 2025

788
Immunofluorescence Staining Using IBA1 and TMEM119 for Microglial Density, Morphology and Peripheral Myeloid Cell Infiltration Analysis in Mouse Brain
10:40

Immunofluorescence Staining Using IBA1 and TMEM119 for Microglial Density, Morphology and Peripheral Myeloid Cell Infiltration Analysis in Mouse Brain

Published on: October 27, 2019

34.3K
An Engulfment Assay: A Protocol to Assess Interactions Between CNS Phagocytes and Neurons
07:38

An Engulfment Assay: A Protocol to Assess Interactions Between CNS Phagocytes and Neurons

Published on: June 8, 2014

18.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cellular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Synapse remodeling is vital for encoding experiences into neural circuits.
  • Microglia play a role in brain plasticity and memory consolidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define a molecular interaction between neurons and microglia in experience-dependent synapse remodeling.
  • To investigate the role of interleukin-33 (IL-33) in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated IL-33 expression in adult hippocampal neurons.
  • Utilized genetic loss-of-function models for IL-33 and its microglial receptor.
  • Assessed spine plasticity, newborn neuron integration, and fear memory precision.
  • Examined extracellular matrix (ECM) engulfment by microglia.

Main Results:

  • Neuronal IL-33 expression is experience-dependent and primes neurons for plasticity.
  • Loss of IL-33 or its receptor impairs spine plasticity, neuron integration, and memory precision.
  • Aging reduces neuronal IL-33 and memory precision; IL-33 administration rescues plasticity deficits.
  • Neuronal IL-33 directs microglial ECM engulfment, preventing synaptic ECM accumulation.

Conclusions:

  • A novel neuronal-microglial IL-33 pathway regulates experience-dependent synapse remodeling.
  • This mechanism is essential for memory consolidation and is affected by aging.
  • Targeting IL-33 may offer therapeutic potential for age-related memory decline.