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Related Concept Videos

Vaporization01:18

Vaporization

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The physical form of a substance changes by changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. For vaporization to occur, kinetic energy must be greater than the intermolecular forces that keep molecules bonded. The amount of energy needed to vaporize a quantity of liquid at a given pressure and a constant temperature is called the heat of vaporization. When...
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Updated: Dec 16, 2025

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DRiPs get molecular.

Jonathan W Yewdell1, Jaroslav Hollý1

  • 1Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda MD 20892, United States.

Current Opinion in Immunology
|July 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The defective ribosomal product (DRiP) hypothesis explains how errors during protein synthesis generate peptides for immune surveillance. This review covers recent findings on DRiPs

Area of Science:

  • Immunology and Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Virology

Background:

  • The defective ribosomal product (DRiP) hypothesis, proposed 25 years ago, explains the rapid generation of peptides from stable viral proteins.
  • It suggests that errors in protein synthesis contribute significantly to the immunopeptidome, the collection of peptides presented by MHC molecules.
  • Understanding DRiPs is crucial for deciphering immune responses to pathogens and cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent research on the role of DRiPs in immunosurveillance.
  • To explore the diverse mechanisms that lead to the formation of DRiPs.
  • To highlight the significance of DRiPs in cellular and immune processes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on DRiPs.

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  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying DRiP generation.
  • Synthesis of findings related to DRiP immunogenicity.

    • Main Results:

    • Recent studies confirm the importance of DRiPs in initiating and shaping immune responses.
    • Multiple pathways, including ribosomal pausing and premature termination, generate DRiPs.
    • DRiPs are efficiently processed and presented by the immune system, influencing T-cell activation.

    Conclusions:

    • DRiPs are a significant source of antigens for immunosurveillance.
    • The mechanisms generating DRiPs are diverse and actively regulated.
    • Further research into DRiPs could lead to novel therapeutic strategies for infectious diseases and cancer immunotherapy.