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Overview of DNA Repair

Overview of DNA Repair

In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
Chemically...

Overview of DNA Repair

Overview of DNA Repair

DNA as a Genetic Template

DNA as a Genetic Template

Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...

DNA as a Genetic Template

DNA as a Genetic Template

Proofreading

Proofreading

Synthesis of new DNA molecules is carried out by the enzyme DNA polymerase, which adds nucleotides on the daughter strand complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity to add the correct base and ensures fidelity during DNA replication. Furthermore, it exhibits proofreading activity during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.
Errors During Replication are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase...

Proofreading

Proofreading

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Updated: Dec 16, 2025

Atomic Force Microscopy Investigations of DNA Lesion Recognition in Nucleotide Excision Repair

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Published on: May 24, 2017

What do we know about DNA mechanics so far?

Abhishek Aggarwal¹, Supriyo Naskar¹, Anil Kumar Sahoo¹

¹Center for Condensed Matter Theory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.

Current Opinion in Structural Biology

|July 3, 2020

Summary

DNA

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Stable DNA Motifs, 1D and 2D Nanostructures Constructed from Small Circular DNA Molecules

Stable DNA Motifs, 1D and 2D Nanostructures Constructed from Small Circular DNA Molecules

Published on: April 12, 2019

Area of Science:

Biophysics
Molecular Biology
Materials Science

Background:

DNA is vital for genetic information and biological processes.
DNA applications span drug design, nanotechnology, and nanoelectronics.
DNA structure changes under various environmental forces.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize insights on DNA structural transitions and mechanics under force.
To review DNA elastic properties in diverse environments.
To discuss future research directions in DNA mechanics.

Main Methods:

Computational simulations.
Single-molecule experiments.
Analysis of DNA structural transitions and mechanics.

Main Results:

DNA exhibits significant structural transitions under force.
Environmental conditions influence DNA mechanics and elastic properties.
Simulations and experiments provide insights into DNA behavior.

Conclusions:

Understanding DNA mechanics is crucial for its applications.
Further research is needed to explore DNA behavior in various conditions.
Future directions include advanced simulations and experimental techniques.