Cognitive function of older adults engaging in physical activity

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Sports Science
• Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

• Physical activity is categorized as open-skilled (dynamic, unpredictable) or closed-skilled (predictable, self-directed).
• The impact of these distinct physical activity types on cognitive function in older adults remains largely unexplored.
• Understanding these differences is crucial for promoting healthy aging.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the differential effects of open-skilled versus closed-skilled physical activity on cognitive function in older adults.
• To compare the cognitive benefits of these activity types against a no-physical-activity control group.

Main Methods:

• Recruited 61 participants aged 65 and above, self-reporting good physical and cognitive health.
• Administered a two-hour assessment session including seven standardized cognitive function tests.
• Participants were categorized into open-skilled, closed-skilled, or no-physical-activity groups.

Main Results:

• Both open-skilled and closed-skilled physical activity groups outperformed the no-physical-activity group on overall cognitive assessments.
• Closed-skilled activity was linked to enhanced selective attention and visuospatial function.
• Open-skilled activity was associated with improved inhibition and cognitive flexibility.

Conclusions:

• Participation in both open- and closed-skilled physical activities positively impacts cognitive function in older adults.
• Specific cognitive domains benefit differentially: closed-skilled activities for attention/visuospatial skills, open-skilled for inhibition/flexibility.
• Findings offer practical guidance for exercise interventions aimed at maintaining cognitive health in aging populations.