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Major birth defects in the Brazilian side of the triple border: a population-based cross-sectional study

Suzana de Souza1,2,3, Fernando Kenji Nampo1,2, Cezar Rangel Pestana1,3

  • 1Latin-American Institute of Life and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Latin-American Integration, Foz do Iguassu, Parana Brazil.

Archives of Public Health = Archives Belges De Sante Publique
|July 4, 2020
PubMed

Insights

This study found higher prevalence of cleft lip/palate and gastroschisis in Foz do Iguassu. Maternal education up to 7 years was linked to increased major birth defects, suggesting unique regional factors.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Reproductive Health

Background:

  • Major birth defects pose significant risks, including fetal death and hospitalization, impacting healthcare costs.
  • Sociodemographic factors influence reproductive health and can indicate exposure to risks.
  • Foz do Iguassu, Brazil, exhibits high birth defect rates, yet lacks studies on associated factors or prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of major birth defects in Foz do Iguassu.
  • To analyze the association between maternal sociodemographic factors and major birth defects.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based cross-sectional study utilized live birth data from Foz do Iguassu (2012-2017).
  • Analyzed sociodemographic variables: maternal age, education, race, residence, parity, and prenatal care onset.
  • Employed frequency analysis, Kruskal-Wallis, and logistic regression to identify associations with birth defects.

Main Results:

  • Prevalent defects included Cleft Lip/Palate (9.5/10,000), gastroschisis (6.93/10,000), and spina bifida (5.53/10,000).
  • Maternal age correlated with gastroschisis and Down syndrome.
  • Maternal education (≤7 years) was significantly associated with major birth defects, independent of other factors.

Conclusions:

  • Observed prevalence of Cleft Lip/Palate and gastroschisis exceeds literature norms, suggesting distinct regional epidemiology.
  • Findings highlight the need for further research into birth defect risk factors in the triple-border region.
  • Opens new avenues for understanding and potentially preventing birth defects in this unique area.
Abstract

Keywords:
Border regionMajor birth defectPrevalenceRisk factors

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