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Related Concept Videos

Plant Cell Wall02:43

Plant Cell Wall

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Plant cells have a cell wall, a rigid outer covering that protects the cell and provides shape and support. During cell division, a mixture of enzymes, proteins, and glucose molecules is transported via vesicles to the center of the cell. These vesicles continuously fuse and build a cell plate between the dividing cells. As the cell plate matures, new polysaccharides are added to it to form the cell walls of the daughter cells. The predominant polysaccharide in the cell wall is cellulose, made...
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 Every plant cell has a cell wall that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives the cell shape. Cellulose, the main structural component of the plant cell wall, makes up over 30% of plant matter. It is the most abundant organic compound on earth.  Cellulose is an unbranched polysaccharide composed of linear chains of glucose molecules linked by β (1→4) glycosidic bonds.
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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Glycan Profiling of Plant Cell Wall Polymers using Microarrays
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Glycan Profiling of Plant Cell Wall Polymers using Microarrays

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Bioinformatics Analysis of Plant Cell Wall Evolution.

Elisabeth Fitzek1, Rhiannon Balazic1, Yanbin Yin2,3

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|July 4, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Investigating plant cell wall evolution using bioinformatics, this study analyzes gene occurrences in algae and ferns. It provides a workflow to understand how essential cell wall structures developed over millions of years.

Keywords:
Cellulose synthesisCesACslGT2Hemicellulose synthesisPlant cell walls

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Plant cell walls are crucial for growth and survival, evolving from simple structures in algae to complex ones in land plants.
  • Understanding cell wall evolution offers insights into plant adaptation and diversity.
  • Chemical profiling and genomic analysis are key methods for studying cell wall development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a bioinformatics workflow for analyzing gene occurrences related to cell wall synthesis.
  • To investigate the evolution of cellulose synthase (CesA) and CesA-like (Csl) protein families.
  • To apply this workflow to newly sequenced organisms, including Klebsormidium nitens and Lygodium japonicum.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a bioinformatics workflow on a Linux platform.
  • Processing genomic and transcriptomic data for gene occurrence analysis.
  • Mining of cellulose synthase (CesA) and CesA-like (Csl) protein families.

Main Results:

  • The study successfully applied the bioinformatics workflow to analyze gene families in two distinct species.
  • Identification and analysis of CesA and Csl protein families in Klebsormidium nitens and Lygodium japonicum.
  • The workflow facilitates comparative genomics for understanding cell wall evolution.

Conclusions:

  • Bioinformatics analysis of gene occurrences is a powerful approach to study plant cell wall evolution.
  • The developed workflow provides a robust method for investigating gene families across diverse plant and algal species.
  • This research contributes to understanding the evolutionary history of essential plant structures.