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Related Concept Videos

Other Disorders of Digestive System01:30

Other Disorders of Digestive System

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The gastrointestinal tract is susceptible to various disorders. If the lower esophageal sphincter is damaged, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the lining. This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (known as heartburn) and may cause chest pain and difficulty swallowing. In the stomach, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, chronic alcohol consumption, bacterial infections such as Helicobacter...
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What is Monogastric Digestion?01:50

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The human body contains a monogastric digestive system. In a monogastric digestive system, the stomach only contains one chamber in which it digests food. Several other animal species also have monogastric digestive systems, including pigs, horses, dogs, and birds. This chapter, however, focuses on the human digestive system.
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Major Organs of the Digestive System01:19

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The digestive system is responsible for the ingestion of food, secretion of enzymes, mixing and digesting food, absorption of the nutrients and defecation. The human digestive system consists of two major parts: the gastrointestinal tract and the accessory digestive organs.
Gastrointestinal tract:
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Regulation of the Digestive System01:25

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Digestive activity regulation hinges on three primary components. Activation is prompted by a multitude of mechanical and chemical indicators, primarily detected by receptors within the stomach and intestines' walls. These receptors predominantly respond to factors such as mechanical stretching of the organ walls, changes in pH and osmolarity, and the presence of digesting materials and their by-products.
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Multiple disease states can significantly influence the oral drug absorption process by affecting blood flow and the functionality of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Various GI diseases, including conditions that alter GI motility, such as diarrhea, decreased acid secretions (achlorhydria), and infections, have been associated with reduced drug absorption.
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The human digestive system is an intricate and essential network for nutrient absorption and waste elimination. It encompasses the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and several accessory organs.
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COVID-19 and the Digestive System.

Chunxiang Ma1,2, Yingzi Cong3,4, Hu Zhang1,2

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital and State Key Lab of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

The American Journal of Gastroenterology
|July 4, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) outbreak impacts global health, affecting not only the respiratory system but also the digestive tract. This review explores the gastrointestinal findings and mechanisms of COVID-19 pathogenesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) pandemic poses a significant global health threat.
  • While primarily known for respiratory symptoms, COVID-19 also impacts the digestive system.
  • Understanding the gastrointestinal manifestations is crucial for comprehensive patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical findings associated with COVID-19 in the digestive system.
  • To explore the potential mechanisms underlying gastrointestinal pathogenesis in COVID-19.
  • To highlight the link between respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical studies and case reports.
  • Analysis of published data on COVID-19 gastrointestinal symptoms.
  • Synthesis of current understanding of viral mechanisms in the digestive tract.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 presents with a range of gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain.
  • The virus (SARS-CoV-2) can be detected in gastrointestinal tissues and stool.
  • Mechanisms may involve direct viral invasion, immune response, and ACE2 receptor interactions.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 has significant gastrointestinal implications beyond respiratory effects.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the pathogenesis of COVID-19 in the digestive system.
  • Clinicians should consider gastrointestinal symptoms in the diagnosis and management of COVID-19 patients.