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Updated: Dec 16, 2025

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

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Halogenases: structures and functions

Hannes Ludewig1, Samuel Molyneux1, Scarlet Ferrinho1

  • 1School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK.

Current Opinion in Structural Biology
|July 4, 2020
PubMed

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Group 17 elements, known as halogens, are nonmetals. At room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine a solid. Astatine is a highly unstable radioactive element, so currently, most of its properties are unknown due to its short half-life. Tennessine is a synthetic element also predicted to be in this group. 
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Consider the bromination of cyclopentene. Molecular bromine is polarized in the proximity of the π electrons of cyclopentene. An electrophilic bromine atom adds across the double bond, forming a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.
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