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Gout epidemiology and comorbidities.

Jasvinder A Singh1, Angelo Gaffo2

  • 1Medicine Service, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, United States; School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, United States; School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, United States.

Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gout, the most common inflammatory arthritis, affects 1-4% globally, with higher rates in men, the elderly, and minorities. Common comorbidities like hypertension and kidney disease complicate gout management.

Keywords:
ComorbiditiesEpidemiologyGoutHeart diseaseHypertensionRenal disease

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Epidemiology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Gout is the most prevalent inflammatory arthritis globally.
  • It disproportionately affects men, the elderly, and racial/ethnic minorities.
  • Associated comorbidities significantly increase disease burden and complicate management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology of gout.
  • To examine comorbidities associated with gout.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of published studies on gout epidemiology and comorbidities.

Main Results:

  • Global gout prevalence is 1-4%, with incidence at 0.1-0.3%.
  • Gout is 3-10 times more common in men than women, increasing with age, particularly over 80.
  • Higher prevalence is observed in U.S. racial minorities, Māori, Han Chinese, and Asian ethnic groups.
  • Comorbidities are frequent, including hypertension (up to 75%), chronic kidney disease (stage 3+), metabolic syndrome, and diabetes.
  • Associations with cardiovascular disease, stroke, and neurodegenerative disorders are under investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Gout is the leading inflammatory arthritis worldwide.
  • Disease burden is higher in men, the elderly, and minorities.
  • Frequent comorbidities present significant management challenges.