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Ultra-fast vortex motion in a direct-write Nb-C superconductor.

O V Dobrovolskiy1,2, D Yu Vodolazov3,4, F Porrati5

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We achieved ultra-fast vortex motion (10-15 km/s) in Nb-C superconductors by controlling flux-flow instability (FFI) with an edge barrier. This unlocks new physics and potential for fast single-photon detectors.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Superconductivity
  • Non-equilibrium Dynamics

Background:

  • Superconducting vortices exhibit complex dynamics relevant to non-equilibrium systems.
  • Flux-flow instability (FFI) hinders the study of these dynamics and limits practical applications.
  • Suppressing FFI requires weak pinning, high critical current density, and efficient heat dissipation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally demonstrate and characterize ultra-fast vortex motion.
  • To investigate the role of edge barriers in controlling FFI.
  • To explore the potential of Nb-C superconductors for advanced applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a directly written Nb-C superconductor with a near-perfect edge barrier.
  • Experimental measurement of vortex motion velocities up to 15 km/s.
  • Analysis of FFI spatial evolution using the edge-controlled FFI model.

Main Results:

  • Achieved ultra-fast vortex motion at 10-15 km/s in Nb-C.
  • Observed FFI nucleation along the sample edge, forming self-organized 'vortex rivers'.
  • Validated the edge-controlled FFI model for describing the observed phenomenon.

Conclusions:

  • Nb-C superconductors with edge barriers enable ultra-fast vortex dynamics.
  • The findings provide insights into FFI mechanisms and models.
  • Nb-C is a promising material for developing fast single-photon detectors.