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Cognitive disorders in people living with HIV

Alan Winston1, Serena Spudich2

  • 1Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK; HIV Clinical Trials, Winston Churchill Wing, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK.

The Lancet. HIV
|July 5, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Cognitive disorders are common in people with HIV, impacting their well-being. Future interventions targeting the HIV reservoir may improve cognitive function.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cognitive disorders are prevalent in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) despite antiretroviral therapy.
  • The prevalence varies based on diagnostic criteria, significantly affecting the quality of life for people with HIV.
  • An aging HIV population with comorbidities and polypharmacy suggests increasing rates of cognitive impairment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significant impact of cognitive disorders on people living with HIV.
  • To discuss the potential benefits of interventions aimed at reducing the latent HIV reservoir, particularly within the brain.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a review of current literature and clinical observations regarding cognitive function in people with HIV.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to cognitive impairment, including aging, comorbidities, and medication use.
  • Exploration of the potential impact of novel HIV reservoir-targeting therapies on neurological outcomes.

Main Results:

  • High rates of cognitive disorders are consistently reported globally in people with HIV.
  • The aging HIV cohort presents a growing challenge with increased risk for cognitive decline.
  • Successful reduction of the brain's HIV reservoir is hypothesized to improve cognitive function.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive disorders remain a critical concern for people living with HIV, necessitating ongoing research and clinical attention.
  • Future therapeutic strategies targeting the HIV reservoir hold promise for mitigating neurological complications.
  • A multidisciplinary approach is essential to manage cognitive health in the evolving landscape of HIV care.

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