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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Glaucoma: Overview01:25

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 16, 2025

Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients
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Autoimmune and demyelinating optic neuritis.

A García Ortega1, F J Montañez Campos1, S Muñoz2

  • 1Servicio de Oftalmología, sección de Neuroftalmología y Estrabismos, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, España.

Archivos De La Sociedad Espanola De Oftalmologia
|July 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recent discoveries, including anti-aquaporin 4 antibody, have transformed understanding of autoimmune optic neuropathies. This review covers optic neuritis, multiple sclerosis, and emerging MOG disorders.

Keywords:
Anti-MOG antibodyAnticuerpos anti-MOGCRIONEsclerosis múltiple (MS)MOG-opathyMOGopatíaMultiple sclerosis (MS)Neuritis ópticasNeuromielitis óptica (NMO)Neuromyelitis optica (NMO)Optic neuritis

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Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
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Last Updated: Dec 16, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • The last decade has seen significant advancements in understanding demyelinating and autoimmune optic neuropathies.
  • The discovery of anti-aquaporin 4 antibody has revolutionized the field.
  • Improvements in diagnostic techniques and neuro-immunology have identified new antibody targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review classical and new concepts in optic neuritis.
  • To discuss the classification debate surrounding demyelinating and autoimmune optic neuritis.
  • To present updated diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis and neuro-myelitis optica.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advancements in neuroimmunology and ophthalmology.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria for demyelinating optic neuropathies.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on antibody targets and their clinical implications.

Main Results:

  • The discovery of specific antibodies has refined the diagnosis and classification of optic neuropathies.
  • Updated diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis and neuro-myelitis optica are presented.
  • Emerging insights into Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG) disorders and chronic-recurring optic neuropathies (CRION) are highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • Advances in antibody detection have significantly improved the diagnosis and understanding of optic neuropathies.
  • The classification of demyelinating and autoimmune optic neuritis continues to evolve.
  • Further research into MOG disorders and CRION is crucial for comprehensive patient care.