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Related Concept Videos

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
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PPE Use in Healthcare Settings I: Donning01:22

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings I: Donning

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Donning PPE must be completed before contact with the patient. This process protects from infectious agents. The sequence and action included in each donning are critical, and the steps must be systematic to avoid exposure to pathogens. The institutional policy also needs to be followed while donning PPE. The pre-donning preparations are gathering equipment, inspecting the PPE equipment for tears, holes, or damage, removing jewelry, removing any garments below the elbows, and tying the hair...
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PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing01:10

PPE Use in Healthcare Settings II: Doffing

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The sequence of removing or doffing PPE starts with the gloves, as they are the most contaminated. Next is removal of the face shield or goggles, as they would interfere with removing other PPE. Then remove the gown, followed by the mask or respirator. Perform hand hygiene between steps if hands become contaminated and immediately after removing all PPE. Generally, the outside front and sleeves of the isolation gown, the goggles or the mask, the respirator, and the face shield are contaminated.
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Administering Oxygen by Mask01:30

Administering Oxygen by Mask

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Administering Oxygen by Mask
Administering oxygen by mask is a common nursing intervention that provides supplemental oxygen to patients with respiratory distress or chronic lung conditions. This procedure involves delivering oxygen at a specified rate through a face mask connected to an oxygen source.
Equipment
The equipment necessary for this procedure includes:
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Personal Protective Equipment01:20

Personal Protective Equipment

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Personal protective equipment (PPE) is unique clothing or equipment worn by an employee to minimize or prevent exposure to infectious agents. PPE creates a barrier between the employee and the infectious materials. PPE must be readily available in the patient care area. PPE includes gloves, gowns and aprons, masks and respirators, goggles, face shields, shoes, and headcovers:
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Standard Precaution01:26

Standard Precaution

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Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 16, 2025

Effects of Surgical Masks on Cardiopulmonary Function in Healthy Subjects
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Mask use during COVID-19: A risk adjusted strategy.

Jiao Wang1, Lijun Pan1, Song Tang2

  • 1China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China.

Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
|July 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Wearing face masks effectively interrupts the transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19. Public health strategies should promote mask use based on local risk assessments.

Keywords:
Coronavirus disease 2019EffectivenessInfectivityNecessitySARS-CoV-2

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Global consensus on mask-wearing for Coronavirus Disease (2019) (COVID-19) remains inconsistent across cultures.
  • Understanding transmission routes of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical for effective intervention.
  • Controversies exist regarding the attitude, effectiveness, and necessity of mask usage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To illustrate SARS-CoV-2 transmission routes.
  • To address controversies surrounding mask-wearing effectiveness and necessity.
  • To provide evidence-based suggestions for public mask use during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of scientific literature on SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
  • Analysis of evidence supporting mask efficacy in interrupting infectious disease spread.
  • Examination of public attitudes and controversies related to mask mandates.

Main Results:

  • Mask usage is demonstrated to effectively interrupt the transmission of infectious diseases.
  • Evidence supports the effectiveness of masks in both hospital and community settings.
  • Masks serve as a crucial physical intervention against respiratory virus transmission.

Conclusions:

  • Public mask-wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic is recommended, adapted to local contexts.
  • Governments should implement risk-adjusted strategies for mask use, including scientific public communication.
  • Ensuring mask supply and addressing health resource inequities are vital for effective public health interventions.