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Cognitive Therapy01:25

Cognitive Therapy

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Cognitive therapy, pioneered by Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s, is a structured approach to addressing psychological distress by focusing on the influence of thoughts on emotions and behaviors. All cognitive therapies involve the basic assumption that human beings have control over their feelings, and that how individuals feel about something depends on how they think about it. Unlike psychoanalytic methods that delve into unconscious processes or humanistic approaches emphasizing...
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Post-traumatic Stress Disorder01:27

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
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Beck's Cognitive Therapy01:25

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Cognitive therapy is a psychological approach designed to address distortions in thinking, which can lead to negative emotions and unrealistic beliefs. These cognitive distortions often influence how individuals interpret and respond to situations, exacerbating emotional distress. Below are some prevalent cognitive distortions, their characteristics, and examples of how they manifest in thought processes.
Arbitrary Inference
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Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy01:24

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

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Cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBTs) are grounded in the belief that our thoughts profoundly influence our emotions and actions. Advocates of CBT emphasize three core assumptions: first, that cognitions are identifiable and measurable; second, that they are central to psychological functioning; and third, that irrational or maladaptive beliefs can be replaced with rational and adaptive ones. This transformative approach to therapy has paved the way for specific models such as Albert...
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Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
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Behavior Therapy01:22

Behavior Therapy

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Behavior therapy incorporates diverse techniques rooted in classical conditioning principles to address maladaptive behaviors and anxiety disorders. These methods aim to reduce avoidance behaviors, foster adaptive coping mechanisms, and alter associations between stimuli and responses, making them effective in a wide range of therapeutic contexts.
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Cognitive functioning in posttraumatic stress disorder before and after cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Lena Schindler1, Tobias Stalder2, Clemens Kirschbaum1

  • 1Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.

Journal of Anxiety Disorders
|July 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) did not significantly improve executive functioning or autobiographical memory in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients. Specific cognitive functions like autobiographical memory specificity may correlate with PTSD.

Keywords:
Autobiographical memoryCognitive-behavioral therapyConflict adaptationInterference susceptibilityPosttraumatic stress disorderWorking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with executive dysfunction and autobiographical memory impairments.
  • The clinical significance and impact of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on these cognitive deficits in PTSD remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of CBT on executive functioning and autobiographical memory in PTSD patients.
  • To examine cognitive functioning differences between PTSD patients, traumatized controls, and non-traumatized controls.
  • To identify potential predictors of treatment response based on cognitive functioning.

Main Methods:

  • A pre-post control group design with a nested cross-sectional element was employed.
  • Baseline cross-sectional analyses included 58 PTSD patients, 39 traumatized controls (TC), and 45 non-traumatized controls (NTC).
  • Intervention effects were assessed before and after 25 CBT sessions in 25 PTSD patients and 34 untreated NTC individuals.

Main Results:

  • At baseline, PTSD patients exhibited higher conflict adaptation than NTC and reduced autobiographical memory specificity compared to both control groups.
  • No consistent group-level improvements in cognitive functioning were observed post-CBT.
  • Backward digit span predicted reduced depressiveness following CBT, but no other cognitive predictors of treatment response were significant.

Conclusions:

  • Autobiographical memory specificity may be a correlate of PTSD.
  • Current CBT protocols may not broadly enhance cognitive functioning in PTSD patients.
  • Further research is needed to identify specific cognitive predictors for differential treatment responses in PTSD.