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Saudi children with celiac disease: are they at risk of developing type-1 diabetes mellitus?

Omar I Saadah1, Ameera S ALsaiari2, Jamil A Al-Mughales3,4

  • 1Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism : JPEM
|July 6, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Saudi children with celiac disease (CeD) show a high prevalence of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA), a type of diabetes-associated autoantibody (DAA). Further research is needed before routine screening for DAA in CeD patients is recommended.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Immunology
  • Pediatric Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and celiac disease (CeD) share common genetic risk factors.
  • Diabetes-associated autoantibodies (DAA) can be present in individuals with CeD.
  • Understanding DAA prevalence in pediatric CeD is crucial for early detection and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of DAA, specifically GADA and IA-2 antibodies, in children diagnosed with CeD.
  • To compare DAA prevalence between children with isolated CeD and those with co-existing T1DM and CeD.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving pediatric patients with CeD at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (2012-2014).
  • Patients were categorized into two groups: isolated CeD (n=23) and combined CeD with T1DM (n=18).
  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure GADA and IA-2 antibody levels.

Main Results:

  • In the isolated CeD group, GADA prevalence was 69.6% and IA-2 was 4%.
  • In the CeD with T1DM group, GADA prevalence was 66.7% and IA-2 was 22.2%.
  • No statistically significant differences in GADA or IA-2 prevalence were observed between the two groups.

Conclusions:

  • Saudi children with CeD exhibit a higher prevalence of GADA compared to findings in several Western studies.
  • The study highlights a significant association between CeD and GADA in the pediatric population.
  • Routine screening for DAA in children with CeD requires further investigation and long-term follow-up data.

Keywords:
GADAIA-2Saudiceliactype-1 diabetes mellitus

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