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Related Concept Videos

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Plasmids are extrachromosomal DNA molecules found in bacteria, archaea, and some eukaryotic microbes like yeast. These small, circular DNA structures typically contain fewer than 30 genes, although some may exist linearly. Plasmids vary in their number within a cell, known as copy number. Single-copy plasmids are present in one copy per cell and multi-copy plasmids are present in multiple copies, reaching over 100 copies per cell.Plasmids usually replicate independently of the chromosomal DNA...
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Archaeal surface appendages are highly specialized structures essential for environmental adaptation, encompassing roles in adhesion, biofilm formation, and motility. Among these appendages, pili and archaella stand out for their distinct morphologies and functionalities, enabling archaea to thrive in diverse and often extreme environments.Pili: Adhesion and Biofilm FormationPili are filamentous structures assembled from pilin protein subunits, primarily contributing to adhesion and biofilm...
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Bacterial conjugation is a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer that enables the exchange of genetic material between bacterial cells through direct contact. This process is facilitated by a donor cell carrying a conjugative plasmid, which encodes genes necessary for pilus formation, DNA replication, and transfer. The conjugative plasmid plays a central role in initiating and executing the transfer of genetic material.The tra region of the conjugative plasmid encodes proteins responsible for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 16, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Antibiotic Resistance Research Using an Efflux&#45;Deficient Bacterial Strain and a Single&#45;Copy Gene Expression System
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Structure and Evolution of Acinetobacter baumannii Plasmids.

Abraham D Salgado-Camargo1, Semiramis Castro-Jaimes1, Rosa-Maria Gutierrez-Rios2

  • 1Programa de Genómica Evolutiva, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|July 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Acinetobacter baumannii plasmids, often linked to antibiotic resistance, fall into distinct lineages. Broad host-range plasmids may play a key role in spreading these traits in hospitals.

Keywords:
A. baumanniiISRep proteinsantibiotic resistance genesplasmid maintenance functionsplasmids

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Acinetobacter baumannii is a significant hospital-acquired pathogen.
  • Its genome includes plasmids that can carry antibiotic resistance genes.
  • Understanding plasmid diversity and evolution is crucial for combating infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the diversity and evolutionary relationships of Acinetobacter baumannii plasmids.
  • To identify key features and potential functions of plasmid genes.
  • To investigate the role of plasmids in antibiotic resistance dissemination.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analysis of A. baumannii plasmid genomes.
  • Classification of replication (Rep) proteins.
  • Phylogenetic analysis of plasmid lineages.
  • Comparative genomics to identify gene content and distribution.

Main Results:

  • A. baumannii plasmids belong to a limited number of stable lineages.
  • New classifications for Rep proteins were proposed.
  • Some plasmids exhibit broad host-range replication capabilities.
  • Antibiotic resistance genes are present in 34.6% of plasmids, often acquired via transposable elements.

Conclusions:

  • Plasmid lineages are stable, with some enhancing parasitic properties.
  • Broad host-range plasmids are important in the dissemination of traits.
  • Gene flux is mainly through transposable elements, with antibiotic resistance genes being secondary acquisitions.