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Related Concept Videos

Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

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Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
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The phylum Tenericutes, which includes the single class Mollicutes, comprises bacteria that lack cell walls. The term "Mollicutes" derives from the Latin word mollis, meaning "soft." These organisms are among the smallest known and are commonly referred to as mycoplasmas due to the prominence of the genus Mycoplasma, which includes well-known human pathogens. Despite their inability to stain gram-positively (a result of their lack of cell walls), mycoplasmas are phylogenetically related to the...
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Pest categorisation of Tatter leaf virus.

, Michael Jeger, Claude Bragard

    EFSA Journal. European Food Safety Authority
    |July 7, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    Citrus tatter leaf virus (CTLV), now known as Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), poses a risk to EU citrus. While ASGV is common in non-citrus hosts, its absence in EU citrus suggests rare transfers, but uncertainties remain.

    Keywords:
    ASGVApple stem grooving virusCTLVCitrus tatter leaf virusapplecitrusincompatibilityrootstock

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    Area of Science:

    • Plant Pathology
    • Virology
    • Entomology

    Background:

    • Citrus tatter leaf virus (CTLV) causes significant issues in trifoliate orange and its hybrids, including tatter leaf disease and graft incompatibility.
    • CTLV is now recognized as a synonym for Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), a species within the *Capillovirus* genus.
    • Efficient diagnostic methods for ASGV are available, and there are no known vectors for this virus.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To conduct a pest categorization of Citrus tatter leaf virus (CTLV) for the European Union (EU) territory.
    • To assess the risk posed by ASGV to citrus production within the EU.
    • To determine if ASGV qualifies as a Union quarantine pest or a Union regulated non-quarantine pest.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing scientific literature and regulatory data on ASGV prevalence and impact.
    • Analysis of potential entry pathways for ASGV into the EU, focusing on plants for planting.
    • Evaluation of ASGV against established criteria for pest categorization by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).

    Main Results:

    • ASGV is widely reported in citrus globally but has not been reported in citrus within the EU, despite its prevalence in EU apple and pear.
    • The primary pathway for ASGV entry into the EU is through plants for planting of non-citrus hosts, as the citrus pathway is legislatively closed.
    • Infection of sensitive citrus rootstocks by ASGV leads to severe symptoms, including stunted growth and plant decline, particularly affecting rootstocks used to combat citrus tristeza.

    Conclusions:

    • ASGV does not meet the criteria for a Union quarantine pest due to its presence in the EU on non-citrus hosts.
    • ASGV satisfies all criteria to be classified as a Union regulated non-quarantine pest.
    • Significant uncertainties remain regarding the potential unreported presence of ASGV in EU citrus, the efficiency of interspecific host transfers, and natural spread mechanisms.