Dietary reference values for sodium

Area of Science:

• Nutrition Science
• Public Health
• Dietary Guidelines

Background:

• The European Commission requested the derivation of dietary reference values (DRVs) for sodium.
• Existing evidence on sodium balance and health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and bone health, was reviewed.

Purpose of the Study:

• To derive DRVs for sodium for the general EU population, including adults, pregnant/lactating women, and children.
• To establish a safe and adequate daily sodium intake level based on available scientific evidence.

Main Methods:

• Review of evidence from sodium balance studies.
• Analysis of the relationship between sodium intake and health outcomes (CVD endpoints, bone health).
• Integration of evidence and uncertainties to derive reference values.

Main Results:

• Data were insufficient to derive average requirements (AR) or population reference intakes (PRI).
• A sodium intake of 2.0 g/day provides confidence in reduced CVD risk for adults.
• 2.0 g/day is considered likely to maintain sodium balance for most adults.
• Specific adequate intakes (AIs) were proposed for infants and children based on age and energy requirements.

Conclusions:

• 2.0 g/day of sodium is considered a safe and adequate intake for the general EU adult population, including pregnant and lactating women.
• Tailored sodium intake recommendations were established for various age groups of children and infants.
• The derived values aim to support public health by providing clear dietary guidance on sodium consumption.