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Advancing biological hazards risk assessment.

Winy Messens1, Marta Hugas1, Ana Afonso1

  • 1European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Parma IT.

EFSA Journal. European Food Safety Authority
|July 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Global biological hazards, including vector-borne diseases and antimicrobial resistance, require integrated risk assessment. New genomic methods offer opportunities but face challenges in standardization and data sharing for effective prevention.

Keywords:
antimicrobial resistancebiological hazardsglobalisationvector‐borne diseaseswhole genome sequencing

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Area of Science:

  • Global Health Security
  • Risk Assessment
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology

Background:

  • Biological hazards pose complex global challenges.
  • Globalization drives the emergence and spread of infectious diseases.
  • A One Health perspective is crucial for understanding these threats.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine global biological hazards through a One Health lens.
  • To assess challenges in risk assessment for vector-borne diseases (VBD) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
  • To explore opportunities presented by novel methodologies like next-generation sequencing.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated risk assessment considering food, farming, production systems, social, and environmental factors.
  • Utilizing next-generation sequencing and whole genome sequencing (WGS) for insights into disease spread and resistance mechanisms.
  • Analyzing historical trends and recent experiences with VBD emergence in the EU.

Main Results:

  • Vector-borne diseases and antimicrobial resistance are significant global threats.
  • Whole genome sequencing aids in understanding resistance spread but environmental and plant roles require further elucidation.
  • International vector monitoring programs are essential for VBD surveillance.

Conclusions:

  • Cooperative, integrated risk assessment approaches are recommended for global biological hazards.
  • Standardization, validation, data sharing, and epidemiological capacity are critical for leveraging genomic technologies.
  • Proactive identification of emerging risks and prevention strategies are necessary.