Comparison of different methods of patient education on preeclampsia: a randomized controlled trial

Preeclampsia is a life-threatening condition unique to pregnancy that contributes to maternal mortality worldwide. Delays in diagnosis and treatment are contributing factors for most maternal deaths from preeclampsia. Patients who are educated and knowledgeable regarding this disease process may present earlier for care.

To assess whether two different visual aids are effective methods to educate patients about preeclampsia, and to evaluate the potential impact of these visual aids on patient anxiety.

Primigravid participants at a tertiary care center were given a survey regarding preeclampsia knowledge 18-25 weeks gestation. Participants were then randomized to preeclampsia education with a graphic card, an educational video, or through routine prenatal care. Participants completed the survey again at 32-37 weeks gestation. We compared the follow-up preeclampsia knowledge score for each type of education as well as the level of anxiety after viewing the video or graphic card.

Recruitment began 9 May 2016 and ceased 18 January 2017. A total of 179 patients were randomized and 150 participants completed the study, with 56 shown the graphic card, 45 shown the educational video, and 49 who had only routine prenatal counseling. The remaining 28 patients were lost to follow up and 1 was withdrawn. There was no significant difference in preeclampsia knowledge score at follow-up. There was no significant difference in anxiety score before and after viewing either educational tool for those randomized to either the graphic card (p = .64) or the video (p = .63).

There is no additional improvement of patient knowledge retention when patients receive education with a graphic card versus an educational video over routine prenatal counseling. Patient anxiety does not appear to be impacted by preeclampsia education with a graphic card or an educational video.