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Related Concept Videos

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

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Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
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Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

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Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
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General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

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Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
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Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

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Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx...
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Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

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Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

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Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
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Anesthesia and Intubation of Preadolescent Mouse Pups for Cardiothoracic Surgery
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Nonoperating room anesthesia for children.

Grace Shih1, Philip D Bailey

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology
|July 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric nonoperating room anesthesia (NORA) cases are increasing. Familiarity with NORA environments and procedures is crucial for anesthesiologists to ensure safe and efficient patient care, despite resource limitations.

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Healthcare Management

Background:

  • Nonoperating room anesthesia (NORA) case volume in pediatric patients has significantly risen.
  • Anesthesia providers must understand NORA's unique challenges and diverse case types for safe practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of pediatric nonoperating room anesthesia.
  • To emphasize the importance of NORA experience for anesthesiologists.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and practice trends in pediatric NORA.
  • Analysis of challenges and safety considerations in NORA settings.

Main Results:

  • Sedative agent use has not significantly changed despite increased NORA case volume.
  • NORA sites face resource limitations and access challenges, necessitating specific training.
  • Adherence to American Society of Anesthesiologists standards is required in NORA.

Conclusions:

  • NORA experience enhances anesthesiologists' cognitive fitness and resilience.
  • Understanding procedural nuances is vital for tailoring anesthetic plans and ensuring patient safety in NORA.