Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 15, 2025

Treatment of Facial Deformities using 3D Planning and Printing of Patient-Specific Implants
Published on: May 23, 2020
Gender affirming and aesthetic cranioplasty: what's new?
1Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, The Spiegel Center, Newton, Massachusetts, USA.
Purpose Of Review:
Esthetic cranioplasty is an important part of facial feminization surgery. Additionally, it is an often underappreciated procedure for facial beautification. This chapter reviews current trends in esthetic cranioplasty for transgender women and others. Valuable techniques and innovations that do not advance the field are reviewed.
Recent Findings:
Although promoted in recent literature, among the key concepts discussed in this review are the limitations of cutting guides, the rare indications for preoperative imaging, and when burring the glabellar area is appropriate rather than doing a full osteoplastic flap setback.
Summary:
Forehead feminization cranioplasty is a highly dependent upon the surgeon's artistic ability. Modeling and guides are potentially helpful for the novice surgeon but better is to learn appropriate anatomy for a more refined result.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Psychosurgery
Historical Development of Psychosurgery
In the 1930s, Portuguese neurologist Antonio Egas Moniz introduced a surgical procedure designed...
Cranial Bones: Lateral View
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
Neuroplasticity
Sutures of the Skull
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...

