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Related Concept Videos

Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview01:13

Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview

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Heterocyclic aromatic compounds are cyclic compounds that are aromatic and have one or more heteroatoms—atoms other than carbon, in the ring. Depending upon the number of atoms present in the ring, they can be either five or six-membered. Examples of five-membered heterocyclic aromatic compounds include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, and imidazole. Pyrrole consists of one nitrogen atom having one lone pair of electrons. Furan and thiophene have one oxygen and one sulfur heteroatom,...
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Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines01:10

Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines

2.9K
The simplest aromatic amine is phenylamine, which contains an –NH2 functionality directly attached to an aromatic ring. The name aniline is designated for this skeleton. As shown in Figure 1, the common names of the functionalized anilines involve prefixes ortho-, meta-, and para- to indicate the substitution position. Different functionalized aniline derivatives also have notable trivial names.
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Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
18.1K
2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

5.2K
Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
5.2K
Physical Properties of Amines01:26

Physical Properties of Amines

4.0K
Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.
4.0K
Amines: Introduction01:07

Amines: Introduction

5.4K
Amines are organic derivatives of ammonia. They are formed by replacing one or more ammonia protons with alkyl or aryl groups. Depending upon the number of organyl groups bonded to nitrogen, amines are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary. Primary amines have one organyl group attached to the nitrogen atom, while secondary and tertiary amines have two and three organyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom, respectively.
5.4K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 15, 2025

Functionalized Spirocyclic Heterocycle Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Assay
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Functionalized Spirocyclic Heterocycle Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Assay

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Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles as Anticancer Agents: An Overview.

Damanpreet K Lang1, Rajwinder Kaur1, Rashmi Arora1

  • 1Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.

Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
|July 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Nitrogen-containing heterocycles are crucial building blocks for developing novel anti-cancer drugs with fewer side effects. This review compiles a dataset of these vital compounds used in chemotherapy and kinase inhibitors.

Keywords:
Anti-cancerFDA approved drugsayvakitcopiktraerleadalorbrenanitrogen heterocyclestazverik

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Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents
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A Direct, Regioselective and Atom-Economical Synthesis of 3-Aroyl-N-hydroxy-5-nitroindoles by Cycloaddition of 4-Nitronitrosobenzene with Alkynones
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Area of Science:

  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Oncology
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Cancer is a leading global cause of death, necessitating new treatments with minimal side effects.
  • Current cancer therapies include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and immunotherapy, often involving kinase inhibitors.
  • Many anti-cancer drugs utilize kinase inhibition as their core mechanism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compile a dataset of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic anti-cancer drugs.
  • To highlight the importance of nitrogen heterocycles in developing novel anti-cancer agents.
  • To provide an overview of active nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds as anti-cancer agents.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a structural search across major scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct) and regulatory sites (USFDA).
  • Collected and reviewed peer-reviewed research and review articles.
  • Categorized, analyzed, and synthesized retrieved information for the review.

Main Results:

  • Nitrogen-based heterocycles constitute approximately 60% of unique small-molecule drugs approved by the FDA.
  • Identified several key nitrogen-containing heterocyclic anti-cancer drugs, including Imatinib, Gefitinib, and Sunitinib.
  • Emphasized the role of these heterocycles as fundamental structures in chemotherapy agents.

Conclusions:

  • Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds are essential scaffolds in modern anti-cancer drug design.
  • These compounds offer a promising avenue for developing more effective cancer therapies with reduced adverse effects.
  • The compiled dataset serves as a valuable resource for researchers in medicinal chemistry and oncology.