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Thyroid peroxidase antibodies are common in children with HLA-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes, but are

Liisa Saare1,2, Aleksandr Peet1,2, Vallo Tillmann1,2

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism : JPEM
|July 7, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) are common in children genetically susceptible to type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, screening for these antibodies shows limited value as they rarely affect thyroid function in this group.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is linked to HLA genes, increasing susceptibility.
  • Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) also has genetic links and can co-occur with T1D.
  • The necessity of screening for AITD in T1D-susceptible children without T1D is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) in children with HLA-conferred susceptibility to T1D.
  • To assess the impact of TPOAb on thyroid function in this pediatric cohort.
  • To investigate the association between thyroid autoimmunity and specific HLA-DQ genotypes.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 223 children (ages 7.4-10.5 years) with HLA susceptibility to T1D.
  • Measurement of TPOAb in all participants.
  • Thyroglobulin antibodies (TGAb) and thyroid function tests were performed on TPOAb-positive children.

Main Results:

  • TPOAb positivity was found in 13.9% of children; TGAb positivity in 4%.
  • Girls exhibited higher median TPOAb concentrations than boys.
  • Only two children showed minor thyroid function abnormalities; no association between HLA risk groups and TPOAb prevalence was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid peroxidase antibodies are prevalent in children genetically predisposed to T1D.
  • The presence of TPOAb in this cohort has minimal impact on thyroid function.
  • Routine thyroid screening may offer limited clinical benefit for children with HLA-conferred T1D susceptibility.

Keywords:
HLA-DQ genotypesautoimmune thyroid diseasethyroid autoantibodies

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