Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 15, 2025
Combining Volumetric Capnography And Barometric Plethysmography To Measure The Lung Structure-function Relationship
Published on: January 8, 2019
Nomogram for pneumonia prediction among children and young people with cerebral palsy: A population-based cohort
Tsu Jen Kuo1,2,3, Chiao-Lin Hsu4,5,6, Pei-Hsun Liao7,8
1Department of Stomatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Insights
Severe pneumonia is a major risk for children and young people with severe cerebral palsy (CP). A new nomogram identifies key risk factors like age, sex, and specific comorbidities for early detection.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Neurology
- Pulmonology
- Public Health
Background:
- Pneumonia is the leading cause of mortality in children and young people (CYP) with severe cerebral palsy (CP).
- Limited research exists on nomograms for assessing pneumonia risk in this vulnerable population.
- Identifying predictive factors for severe pneumonia is crucial for timely intervention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify independent risk factors for severe pneumonia in CYP with severe CP.
- To develop a nomogram for predicting the probability of severe pneumonia in this cohort.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective nationwide population-based cohort study.
- Inclusion of CYP with newly diagnosed severe CP (1997-2013).
- Logistic regression analysis to identify demographic factors and comorbidities associated with severe pneumonia.
Main Results:
- Severe pneumonia occurred in 33.59% of 6,356 CYP with severe CP.
- Seven independent predictive factors identified: age <3 years, male sex, pressure ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux, asthma, seizures, and perinatal complications.
- A nomogram was successfully developed with favorable discrimination performance.
Conclusions:
- Age, male sex, and comorbidities including pressure ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux, asthma, seizures, and perinatal complications are significant risk factors.
- The developed nomogram can aid in identifying CYP with severe CP at high risk for severe pneumonia.
Background:
Pneumonia is the leading cause of death among children and young people (CYP) with severe cerebral palsy (CP). Only a few studies used nomogram for assessing risk factors and the probability of pneumonia. Therefore, we aimed to identify risk factors and devise a nomogram for identifying the probability of severe pneumonia in CYP with severe CP.
Methods:
This retrospective nationwide population-based cohort study examined CYP with newly diagnosed severe CP before 18 years old between January 1st, 1997 and December 31st, 2013 and followed them up through December 31st, 2013. The primary endpoint was defined as the occurrence of severe pneumonia with ≥ 5 days of hospitalization. Logistic regression analysis was used for determining demographic factors and comorbidities associated with severe pneumonia. These factors were assigned integer points to create a scoring system to identify children at high risk for severe pneumonia.
Results:
Among 6,356 CYP with newly diagnosed severe CP, 2,135 (33.59%) had severe pneumonia. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that seven independent predictive factors, namely age <3 years, male sex, and comorbidities of pressure ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux, asthma, seizures, and perinatal complications. A nomogram was devised by employing these seven significant predictive factors. The prediction model presented favorable discrimination performance.
Conclusions:
The nomogram revealed that age, male sex, history of pressure ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux, asthma, seizures, and perinatal complications were potential risk factors for severe pneumonia among CYP with severe CP.
Related Concept Videos
01:27Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies
Medical History
01:30Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment
01:23Dosage Regimen Designs: Nomograms and Tabulations
01:30Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed....
01:29Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology
01:30Pneumonia I: Introduction
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...