Selection of optimum biological treatment for coking wastewater using analytic hierarchy process

The design of biological treatment process for the coking wastewater (CW) is complicated since wastewater treatment demand is gradually increasing lacking the systematic strategy in efficiency evaluation and advisable selection. Therefore, this study develops a holistic approach by means of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) that uses numerical representation to rank the preferences of each participating alternatives for evaluation of the advanced biological technologies in CW treatment. Based on survey results, six types reactor combinations were selected as the alternatives, which were further classified as two group according to COD load. The AHP methodology consists of weighting and ranking procedures considering technical, economic, environmental and administration factors defined as criteria layers. Eighteen indicators were chosen as sub-criteria layers. Inclusively beneficial and sustainable biological processes were assessed and ranked along the AHP implementation. The results placed technical indicators to the top position among the criteria layers in the weighting descending order 'technical indicators > economic indicators > environmental indicators > administrative indicators', whereas the weight of indicators in sub-criteria layers fitted in the range of 0.005 to 0.151. The inclusive priority calculation integrating all weight indices of criteria and sub-criteria layers resulted in the anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A/A/O) combination rising in the hierarchy of the low load group, whereas the oxic-hydrolytic-oxic (O/H/O) process was prioritized in the high load group. The accuracy and objectivity of AHP application was also supported by sensitivity and variability analyses that examines a range for the weights' values and corresponding to alternative scenarios.