The Effect of ZnO on the Failure of PET by Environmental Stress Cracking

The aim of the present work is to evaluate the effect of NaOH solution as a stress cracking agent on the thermal and tensile properties of PET and PET/ZnO composites. The solutions were applied during tensile testing and the effects were monitored by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and testing the actual mechanical properties. The rate of crystallization was increased when the samples were exposed to NaOH, as observed by both cold and melt crystallization; this is possibly due to the reduction in molar mass of the PET molecules caused by NaOH. During melting, the DSC peaks became more complex, which is probably due to the distinct macromolecular mass, as well as crystallites with different sizes and levels of perfection. According to TGA analyses, no drastic changes were observed on the thermal stability of PET due to the action of NaOH. The tensile properties were shown to decrease drastically upon exposure to NaOH, which is the main symptom of stress cracking, leading to increased fragility, as also observed in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. The presence of ZnO improved PET crystallization and provided some protection against the harmful effects of NaOH.