The CCL5/CCR5 Axis in Cancer Progression

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Immunology
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Tumor cells manipulate chemokine networks to promote cancer progression.
• The C-C chemokine ligand 5/C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCL5/CCR5) axis is implicated in various hematological malignancies and solid tumors.
• Abnormal CCL5 and CCR5 expression and activity are observed in cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current understanding of the CCL5/CCR5 axis in cancer.
• To summarize the role of CCL5/CCR5 in tumor progression mechanisms.
• To discuss preclinical and clinical findings regarding targeting the CCL5/CCR5 axis.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies.
• Analysis of studies investigating CCL5/CCR5 involvement in cancer progression.
• Examination of clinical trial data for CCR5 antagonists and antibodies.

Main Results:

• The CCL5/CCR5 axis drives cancer progression through autocrine/paracrine growth, ECM remodeling, migration, stem cell expansion, DNA repair, metabolic reprogramming, and angiogenesis.
• Preclinical evidence supports the role of CCL5/CCR5 in diverse hematological and solid tumors.
• Clinical trials are evaluating CCR5 antagonists (e.g., maraviroc) and monoclonal antibodies.

Conclusions:

• The CCL5/CCR5 axis is a critical mediator of tumor progression and a potential therapeutic target.
• Targeting the CCL5/CCR5 axis represents a promising strategy for cancer treatment.
• Further clinical investigation is warranted to establish the efficacy of CCL5/CCR5-targeted therapies.