Prevalence of symptoms associated with temporomandibular disorders in a Canadian population

Few epidemiologic studies of TM disorders have used random samples drawn from the general population. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and distribution of symptoms commonly associated with such disorders among a sample of adults in Toronto, Canada. A random digit dialing technique was used to identify 1002 individuals aged 18 and over. A symptom questionnaire was completed by 67.7%. Overall, 48.8% responded positively to one or more of the nine questions concerning symptoms. Joint sounds, tiredness or stiffness of jaw muscles, and an uncomfortable bite were the symptoms most frequently reported. Functional pain or pain while at rest was reported by 12.9%. Sex and age differences were small although statistically significant, with women and the younger age groups more likely than men or the older age groups to report one or more symptoms. Significant associations were observed between the reporting of symptoms and potential risk factors such as parafunctional behaviours and reports of frequent stress. The proportion in need of treatment varied from 3.5% to 9.7% according to the case definition used.