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Association between lung function decline and obstructive sleep apnoea: the ALEC study.

Össur Ingi Emilsson1,2, Fredrik Sundbom3,4, Mirjam Ljunggren3,4

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|July 8, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals at high risk for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) experienced faster lung function decline. This decline was more pronounced in asthmatics, linked to higher BMI and OSA symptoms.

Keywords:
AsthmaLung functionLung function declineSleep apnoea

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Area of Science:

  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common condition associated with various health issues.
  • Lung function decline can be influenced by multiple factors, including respiratory and sleep disorders.
  • The interplay between OSA, asthma, and lung function changes requires further investigation in general populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between a high risk of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and changes in lung function over a 10-year period.
  • To determine if asthma modifies the relationship between OSA risk and lung function decline.
  • To identify factors contributing to lung function changes in individuals with high OSA risk.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey II and III, including spirometry and questionnaires from 4,329 participants attending both baseline and 10-year follow-up.
  • Identified individuals at high risk for OSA using the multivariable apnoea prediction (MAP) index, calculated from BMI, age, gender, and OSA symptoms.
  • Assessed primary outcomes as changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) from baseline to follow-up, with asthma defined as doctor's diagnosed asthma.

Main Results:

  • A high risk of OSA (based on MAP index) was identified in 19% of participants at follow-up.
  • Individuals with high OSA risk exhibited a more rapid decline in lung function (FEV1 and FVC) compared to those with low OSA risk.
  • Lung function decline was primarily associated with higher BMI and OSA symptoms, with a stronger association observed between OSA symptoms and lung function decline in asthmatics.

Conclusions:

  • A high probability of obstructive sleep apnoea is linked to accelerated lung function decline in the general population over a decade.
  • Higher BMI and the presence of OSA symptoms were the main drivers of this accelerated decline.
  • The impact of OSA symptoms on lung function decline was more significant in individuals with asthma.