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Updated: Dec 15, 2025

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management
Published on: November 21, 2017
Comparison of a Continuous Noninvasive Temperature to Monitor Core Temperature Measures During Targeted Temperature
Melissa Wagner1, Krista Lim-Hing2, Mary Ann Bautista3
1Neurocritical Care Advanced Practice Providers, Neuro Intensive Care Unit, University of Maryland Medical Center, 22 South Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. MICURN32@gmail.com.
A new continuous noninvasive temperature monitor accurately approximates core body temperature during targeted temperature management (TTM). This method offers a suitable alternative to invasive esophageal, bladder, or rectal measurements.
Area of Science:
- Medical Devices
- Physiology
- Clinical Monitoring
Background:
- Targeted temperature management (TTM) traditionally relies on invasive core temperature measurements.
- Current methods include esophageal (Et), bladder (Bt), and rectal (Rt) temperature monitoring.
- Limitations exist in the accuracy and invasiveness of existing core temperature monitoring during TTM.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the accuracy of a continuous noninvasive temperature monitor.
- To assess its ability to approximate core body temperature during TTM.
- To compare noninvasive monitoring with traditional core temperature methods.
Main Methods:
- A prospective study involving patients undergoing TTM with a gel pad surface TMD.
- Simultaneous recording of core and continuous noninvasive temperature monitoring data for up to 72 hours.
- Bland-Altman analysis to assess agreement between the two temperature measurement methods.
Main Results:
- Twenty subjects (55% women, mean age 57 years) contributed 999 hours of paired temperature data.
- The continuous noninvasive monitor showed good agreement with core temperature measures (mean difference 0.06 ± 0.39°C).
- No proportional bias was detected between the noninvasive monitor and core temperature readings.
Conclusions:
- Continuous noninvasive temperature monitoring is a viable alternative for assessing core temperature during TTM.
- This noninvasive approach offers a potentially more comfortable and less invasive option.
- Further research is recommended to integrate continuous noninvasive temperature monitors into TTM protocols.
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