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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Poststroke Cognitive Outcomes: Sex Differences and Contributing Factors.

Liming Dong1, Emily Briceno2, Lewis B Morgenstern3

  • 1Department of Epidemiology University of Michigan School of Public Health Ann Arbor MI.

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|July 8, 2020
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Summary

Women experienced worse cognitive outcomes after stroke compared to men. These sex differences in cognitive function were linked to social and pre-stroke factors, particularly widowhood.

Keywords:
cognitionepidemiologysexstroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Public Health
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Investigating sex disparities in cognitive function post-stroke is crucial for understanding long-term neurological recovery.
  • Population-based studies provide valuable insights into stroke outcomes across diverse demographics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine sex differences in cognitive outcomes 90 days after a first-ever stroke.
  • To identify factors contributing to observed sex-based cognitive disparities.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 1227 participants from the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi project with first-ever ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage.
  • Cognitive function assessed using the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MSE); logistic and tobit regression used for analysis.
  • Inverse probability weighting and multiple imputation employed to manage missing data.

Main Results:

  • Women scored significantly lower on the 3MSE (2.96 points worse) than men at 90 days post-stroke.
  • The prevalence of dementia was higher in women (35.6%) compared to men (27.6%) before adjustments.
  • Adjusting for sociodemographic and prestroke factors attenuated the association between sex and dementia.

Conclusions:

  • Women exhibit poorer cognitive outcomes 90 days after stroke compared to men.
  • Sociodemographic factors, especially widowhood, significantly influenced these sex-based cognitive differences.
  • Further research into the link between widowhood and post-stroke dementia is needed to inform targeted interventions for women survivors.