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Related Concept Videos

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Projectile motion becomes evident when a player kicks the ball into the air. The launch angle, or the angle at which the ball is kicked, plays a crucial role in determining the trajectory of the projectile. As the ball soars through the air, influenced solely by gravity, its motion can be dissected into two independent velocity components: the horizontal and the vertical.
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A slider-crank mechanism converts rotational motion from the crank into linear motion of the slider or vice versa. This mechanism consists of three main parts: the crank, the connecting rod, and the slider. The movement of the slider-crank is an example of general plane motion as the fluctuating angle between the crank and the connecting rod. Consider a segment AB where point A is at the end of the slider and point B is on the diametrically opposite end to point A, on a crack. The variance in...
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Updated: Dec 15, 2025

Comparison of Kinetic Characteristics of Footwork during Stroke in Table Tennis: Cross-Step and Chasse Step
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Differences in Baseball Batting Movement Patterns Between Facing a Pitcher and a Pitching Machine.

Shih-Yu Kuo1,2, Kuangyou B Cheng1, Yu-Chi Lee1,3

  • 1National Cheng Kung University.

Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport
|July 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Baseball players alter batting movements when facing pitching machines due to limited visual cues. This study found differences in timing and force application, suggesting caution when relying solely on machines for training.

Keywords:
Ball delivery methodbaseball hittingcoordinationground reaction forces

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Biomechanics
  • Human Movement Analysis

Background:

  • Pitching machines are common baseball training tools but lack the kinematic cues of live pitchers.
  • Understanding how batters adapt to different visual information is crucial for effective training.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Compare baseball batting movement patterns between live pitching and pitching machine conditions.
  • Investigate if batters alter their movement strategies due to disparate visual information.

Main Methods:

  • Employed single-subject analysis with four professional baseball players.
  • Recorded vertical ground reaction forces during batting under both conditions.
  • Analyzed relative timings and kinetic parameters of batting movements.

Main Results:

  • Batters initiated forward steps earlier and had reduced loading rates against pitching machines.
  • Altered swing-to-impact duration was observed when facing machines.
  • Differences attributed to the lack of live pitcher's whole-body kinematic cues.

Conclusions:

  • Batters adjust their movement strategies when facing pitching machines compared to live pitchers.
  • Dissimilar movement patterns highlight the limitations of machine-based training.
  • Over-reliance on pitching machines for training is not recommended.