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Redox Reactions01:24

Redox Reactions

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Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
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Redox Reactions01:27

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Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
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Electrochemistry is the science involved in the interconversion of electrical and chemical reactions. Such reactions are called reduction-oxidation, or redox reactions. These important reactions are defined by changes in oxidation states for one or more reactant elements and include a subset of reactions involving the transfer of electrons between reactant species. Electrochemistry as a field has evolved to yield sufficient insights on the fundamental principles of redox chemistry and multiple...
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In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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Redox Equilibria: Overview01:23

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A reduction-oxidation reaction is commonly called a redox reaction. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from one species to another rather than being shared between or among atoms. The reducing agent or reductant is the species that loses electrons and gets oxidized in the process. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced in the process is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Redox reactions are represented as two separate equations called half-reactions, where one equation...
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Battery Technology

Background:

  • Current lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) face limitations in energy density as device demands increase.
  • Alternative battery concepts like Li-S and metal-air batteries are mostly in the prototyping stage and require manufacturing facility changes.
  • Anionic redox in transition metal oxides presents a promising avenue for next-generation LIBs due to compatibility with existing manufacturing processes and potential for higher energy density.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the phenomenon of cationic and anionic redox in lithium-ion battery cathodes.
  • To investigate the cycling mechanisms and potential degradation pathways in anion redox materials.
  • To highlight advancements in oxidation-state controlled charging for oxygen redox in Li-ion batteries.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) to probe oxygen's spectroscopic features after delithiation.
  • Investigated lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) batteries, focusing on catalytic effects and overpotential reduction.
  • Developed and examined oxidation state-controlled redox-based charging of oxygen in a pure oxygen redox Li-ion battery system.

Main Results:

  • Identified potential spectroscopic 'fingerprint' signals for reversible oxygen redox using RIXS.
  • Demonstrated that iridium (Ir) deposited on reduced graphene oxide can halt O2 reduction at the LiO2 state, significantly decreasing charge overpotential.
  • Showcased oxidation-state controlled discharge as a key concept for managing oxygen redox reactions.

Conclusions:

  • Anionic redox materials are highly competitive for next-generation LIBs, offering higher energy density and manufacturing compatibility.
  • Understanding the transition from full anion to partial cationic/anionic redox is crucial for mitigating degradation and improving cycling stability.
  • Oxidation-state controlled charging presents a viable strategy for advancing pure oxygen redox Li-ion batteries.